< Acmon, son of Socos >
1 Origin
Acmon was born in Aptera, Crete, in 1445 BC.
Acmon' father was Socos. [Nonnus.13.135]
Acmon' mother was Combe. [Nonnus.13.135]
Acmon was also called Celmis, Damnameneus, and the Idaean Heracles. [Strabo.10.3.22]
2 Family
2.1 Sons
Acmon and Astypalaea had two sons, Ancaeus and Periclymenus. [Hyginus.157]
2.2 Daughters
Clymenus, grandson of Acmon (Idaean Heracles), held the games at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.1]
Clymenus' father was Cardys, who lived in Cydonia, Crete. [Paus.5.8.1, Paus.6.21.6]
Cardys' father is presumably Cydon, the founder of Cydonia. [See Cardys]
Acmon was therefore Clymenus' maternal grandfather, and Cardys' wife was Acmon's daughter.
2.3 Wife
Acmon's wife is presumed to have been Astypalaea, daughter of Phoenix, based on the following facts.
Pausanias writes that "Ancaeus, son of Astypalaea, daughter of Phoenix, became king of Leleges," and that "Leleges was part of the Carians." [Paus.7.2.8, Paus.7.4.1]
In 1419 BC, Acmon (Idaean Heracles) and his brothers emigrated to Olympia in Eleia and held the first Olympic Games. [Paus.5.7.6-]
Afterwards, Acmon and his brothers emigrated to Cherronesus across from Rhodes and founded five towns there. [Diod.5.60.1]
Acmon and his brothers drove out the Carians who had been there before and lived with some of the Carians. [Diod.5.60.3]
They came to be called Leleges because they were mixed and did not belong to any particular tribe. [Antiq.1.10.2]
In other words, the king of the Leleges, Ancaeus, is presumed to be the son of Acmon or his brother.
In 1425 BC, when the Cadmus colony stayed in Aptera, it is presumed that Astypalaea, who was in the colony, met Acmon, who lived in Aptera.
Astypalaea's sister Europa, who was in the Cadmus colony, married Cardys' father Cydon. [See Europa]
Therefore, it is presumed that Ancaeus' father was Acmon.
In other words, Cardys and Acmon's daughter were cousins.
3 Others
The brothers of the Idaean Heracles who went to Olympia were Paeonaeus, Epimedes, Iasius, and Idas. [Paus.5.7.6]
The Idaean Heracles was one of the Idaean Dactyls. [Paus.5.7.6, Paus.8.31.3, Strabo.8.3.30]
The Idaean Dactyls belonged to the tribe of the Telchines. [Strabo.10.3.7]
< Actor, son of Myrmidon >
1 Origin
In 1325 BC, Actor was born in Phthia of Thessaly.
Actor's father was Myrmidon.
Actor's mother was Pisidice, daughter of Aeolus.
Apollodoros writes that Aeolus, the father of Pisidice, was Aeolus, son of Hellen, the eponym of the Aeolians.
But Aeolus, the father of Pisidice, was the son of Lapithus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
2 Family
Aegina and Damocrateia are known as the wives of Actor.
Eurytion, who later became the father-in-law of Peleus, succeeded his father Actor.
Many of Actor's sons migrated from Phthia to various places, as follows:
In 1290 BC, Aeacus migrated from Dia in Thessaly, to Oenoe (later Aegina).
In 1280 BC, Pyttius moved to near Salmone in Eleia and founded Buprasium.
In 1280 BC, Daedalion moved to near Mount Parnassus.
In 1275 BC, Ctimenus moved to near Lake Xynian in Dolopia and founded Ctimene.
In 1275 BC, Perieres moved to near Spercheius River.
In 1262 BC, Menoetius moved to Opus in Locris.
In 1250 BC, Ceyx moved to the foot of Mount Oeta across the Spercheius River towards Dryopia and founded Trachis.
Actor had other sons named Echecles and Haemon.
Actor's descendants became known as the Myrmidons.
< Aeacus, son of Actor >
1 Origin
In 1307 BC, Aeacus was born in Phthia of Thessaly.
Aeacus' mother was Aegina, daughter of the river god Asopus.
Aegina's father was Sicyon, son of Marathon, who lived in Sicyon of Argolis.
Many historical sources mention Aeacus' mother, Aegina, but not the name of Aeacus' father.
The only one to mention Aegina's husband is Actor.
Actor was the son of Myrmidon, and it is assumed that the legend of the ants originated in Aegina, where Aeacus lived.
2 Family
Aeacus married Psamathe, daughter of Scyrius, and had a son, Phocus.
Aeacus then married Endeis, daughter of Sciron, and had two sons, Peleus and Telamon.
Phocus migrated from Aegina to the northwest of Phocis, near Naubolenses (later Drymaea).
Peleus emigrated from Aegina to Eurytion, son of Actor, who lived in Phthia.
Eurytion was the brother of Aeacus, father of Peleus.
Telamon emigrated from Aegina to Salamis and married Glauce, daughter of Cychreus.
3 Others
3.1 Emigration to Aegina
Aeacus founded Dia in Thessaly, and then moved to the island of Oenoe, near Sicyon where his mother was born.
The island came to be called Aegina after Aeacus' mother.
3.2 Arbitration of the Succession Issue
Aeacus mediated a dispute between Pandion's son Nisus and Pandion's son-in-law Sciron over the succession of Megara.
Aeacus' wife's father Scyrius (or Sciron, Chiron, Scirus) was the biological father of Pandion's adopted son Aegeus.
In other words, Aeacus and Aegeus were sworn brothers, and through Aegeus, Aeacus was also sworn brother to Nisus and Sciron. It seems likely that Aegeus, who was king of Athenians at the time, had Aeacus, who was known for his piety, mediate the dispute between the sworn brothers.
3.3 Aeacus's whereabouts
The whereabouts of Aeacus after his sons left Aegina are unknown.
It is assumed that Aeacus' sons left the island because the victorious Cretans immigrated to Aegina after the battle between Minos and Megara.
Aeacus' family lived together with the Cretans, but it is believed that they left the island after Aeacus' death.
< Aegina, daughter of Sicyon >
1 Origin
In 1325 BC, Aegina was born in Sicyon of Argolis.
Aegina's father was the river god Asopus, which flows near Phlius.
2 Family
Aegina married Actor, son of Myrmidon, and had a son, Aeacus.
3 Others
Aegina's son Aeacus' two sons, Peleus and Telamon, appear in the story of the Argonauts.
Also, Talaus, the husband of Lysianassa, daughter of Polybus, son of Chthonophyle, daughter of Sicyon, appears in the story of the Argonauts.
In other words, Chthonophyle, the mother of Polybus, is of the same generation as Aegina.
Therefore, Aegina's father, the river god Asopus, is presumed to be Chthonophyle's father Sicyon.
The Asopus River flows near Sicyon and empties into the sea.
< Aeolus, son of Hellen > 1/5
1 Origin
In 1334 BC, Aeolus was born in Pyrrha of Thessaly.
Aeolus' father was Hellen, son of Deucalion.
Aeolus' mother was Orseis (or Phthia).
2 Family
Aeolus' wife was Aegiale.
Aeolus had five sons: Mimas, Cretheus, Hypseus, Sisyphus, and Athamas.
Aeolus' descendants came to be called the Aeolians (or Aeolis).
3 Others
In 1470 BC, Aeolus, along with other siblings, expelled his brother Xuthus.
Aeolus had other brothers, Phagrus and Meliteus, in addition to Xuthus and Dorus.
Meliteus was the founder of Melitaea.
< Aeolus, son of Hippotes > 2/5
1 Origin
In 1432 BC, Aeolus was born in Arne of Thessaly.
His father was Hippotes, son of Mimas.
2 Family
Aeolus had ten sons and three daughters by five wives.
The names of Aeolus' wives were Enarete, Protogenia, Thyia, Stilbe, and Iphis (or Iphys).
The names of Aeolus' sons were Andreus (or Minyas), Deion (or Deioneus), Macareus, Aethlius, Perieres, Macedon, Magnes, Lapithus (or Lapithes), Salmoneus, and Cretheus.
The names of Aeolus' daughters were Melanippe (or Arne, Antiopa), Calyce, and Canace.
3 Others
3.1 Expulsion of the Pelasgians
In 1390 BC, a huge tsunami occurred in the Aegean Sea and hit eastern Thessaly. The Pelasgians who lived in that area swept into the area inhabited by the Aeolians. Melanippe, the daughter of Aeolus, who lived in Itonus, was abducted and carried off by the Pelasgians.
Aeolus, together with Amphictyon, father of Itonus, husband of Melanippe, and his brothers, rallied his people and drove the Pelasgians out of Thessaly.
3.2 Successor of Aeolus
Aeolus had many sons, but no one to succeed Arne.
At one time, Aeolus adopted Epopeus, son of Aloeus, from Sicyon.
However, in 1370 BC, Boeotus, son of Melanippe, returned to Arne from Italy with his mother Melanippe and succeeded Aeolus.
< Aeolus, son of Melanippe > 3/5
1 Origin
In 1389 BC, Aeolus was born in Metapontium in the southern part of the Italian peninsula.
Aeolus' mother was Melanippe, the daughter of Aeolus, the son of Hippotes.
Melanippe married Itonus, the son of Amphictyon, who lived in Itonus of Thessaly.
In 1390 BC, Melanippe was abducted by Dius the Pelasgian and taken to Metapontium, where Aeolus was born.
It is assumed that Aeolus' father was Dius, not Itonus.
2 Family
Aeolus married Cyane, the daughter of Liparus, who lived on the island of Lipara, northeast of Sicily, and ruled the area around the island.
Liparus had been driven out of the Italian peninsula by his brothers and had moved to Lipara, but he wanted to return to the Italian peninsula. Aeolus helped Liparus settle near Surrentum (now Sorrento) at the entrance to the Crater Gulf (now the Gulf of Naples).
One of Aeolus' sons, Astyochus, inherited the island of Liparus, while the other sons settled on the northern coast of Sicily and on the southern tip of the Italian peninsula.
3 Others
In 1370 BC, Aeolus' brother Boeotus returned with his mother Melanippe to Arne in Thessaly, where Melanippe's father Aeolus lived.
< Aeolus, son of Lapithus > 4/5
1 Origin
In 1367 BC, Aeolus was born near the Peneius River in northern Thessaly.
In ancient sources, this Aeolus is mistakenly identified as Aeolus, son of Hellen.
2 Family
Aeolus had a son, Cercaphus, who married Eupolemeia, daughter of Myrmidon.
Aeolus had a son, Perieres, who married Gorgophone, daughter of Perseus.
Aeolus had a daughter, Pisidice, who married Myrmidon.
Aeolus had a daughter, Perimede, who married Achelous.
Melaneus, who founded Oechalia in Messenia, is also thought to have been Aeolus' son.
3 Others
Aeolus' father is presumed to be Lapithus, son of Aeolus, the eponym of Lapiths, for the following reasons.
1) Ormenus, the son of Cercaphus, son of Aeolus, and his son Amyntor were attacked and killed by Heracles.
Also, Cycnus (or Cygnus), the son of Aethalides, son of Cercaphus, was attacked and killed by Heracles.
The battle with Ormenus and Cycnus occurred during the battle between Heracles and the Lapiths, and it is believed that Ormenus and Cycnus were members of the Lapiths.
Therefore, it is believed that Aeolus, the father of their father Cercaphus, was also a member of the Lapiths.
2) When creating a family tree, the birth year difference between Aeolus and Lapithus, the ancestor of the Lapiths, is only 20 years.
In other words, it is assumed that Aeolus was the son of Lapithus.
< Aeolus, son of Oeoclus > 5/5
1 Origin
In 1334 BC, Aeolus was born in Ascra of Boeotia.
2 Family
Aeolus had a daughter, Tanagra, who is said to be the daughter of the river god Asopus.
Tanagra's husband was Poemander, son of Chaeresilaus, son of Iasius, son of Eleuther, son of Aethusa.
Poemander's birth year is estimated to be 1300 BC, and Aeolus, who was born close to Tanagra's father Aeolus, was Aeolus, the son of Lapithus. However, Lapithus' son Aeolus lived near the Peneius River in northern Thessaly. There is no Asopus River in northern Thessaly, so it is not appropriate to consider him the river god Asopus.
Homer reports that Sisyphus, the father of Glaucus, father of Bellerophontes, was also fathered by Aeolus.
Sisyphus' birth date is estimated at 1300 BC, which is not contradicted by the fact that his father Aeolus was the father of Tanagra.
From the following, it is assumed that the father of Aeolus, father of Tanagra, was Oeoclus, son of Ascra.
1) Sisyphus was the king of Corinth who succeeded Jason.
2) Since Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, founded Ephyra (later Corinth), the descendants of the founder Sisyphus became kings of Corinth. Jason became king of Corinth in place of Medea, a descendant of Sisyphus.
3) Ascra is assumed to be the daughter of Aloeus, son of Aloeus, son of Sisyphus, son of Aeolus.
4) Oeoclus founded Ascra in Boeotia with Aloeus' sons, Otus and Ephialtes.
Otus' father Aloeus was the son of Aloeus, father of Ascra, and Oeoclus and Otus were cousins.
5) Near Ascra was the source of the Asopus River, which flows from west to east in Boeotia.
3 Other
According to legend, the river god Asopus had many daughters, including those of Asopus in Sicyon and Locris.
In addition to Tanagra, the daughters of river god Asopus in Boeotia included Plataea and Thespia (or Thespeia).
Plataea and Thespia are also presumed to be the daughters of Aeolus, the son of Oeoclus.
< Agelas, son of Ixion >
1 Origin
In 1050 BC, Agelas was born in Corinth.
Agelas's father was Ixion.
Ixion's father Aletes was the founder of the Dorians-ruled Corinth.
2 Family
Agelas had a son, Prymnis.
Prymnis' son Bacchis became the founder of the Bacchidae.
< Aletes, son of Hippotas >
1 Origin
In 1120 BC, Aletes was born in Alopece of Attica.
Aletes's father was Hippotas.
2 Family
Aletes had a son, Ixion.
Bacchis, the son of Prymnis, the son of Agelas, the son of Ixion, became the founder of the Bacchidae.
3 Others
Hippotas murdered the prophet Carnus and was exiled by the Heracleidae for 10 years.
In 1104 BC, while Hippotas was exiled, the Heracleidae returned to Peloponnesus.
In 1075 BC, Aletes joined the Heracleidae and led the Dorians to drive out Aeolis, becoming king of Corinthians.
< Alope, son of Cercyon >
1 Origin
In 1280 BC, Alope was born in Athens.
Alope's father was Cercyon.
2 Family
Alope had a son, Hippothoon.
Hippothoon was one of the eponyms of the 10 tribes of Athens.
3 Other
Rarus, the father of Cercyon, is thought to be a descendant of Crocon, who first settled in the Athenian lands across the Rheiti River from the Eleusinian lands.
< Amarynceus, son of Pyttius >
1 Origin
In 1280 BC, Amarynceus (or Amarynces) was born in Buprasium of Eleia.
Amarynceus' father was Pyttius.
2 Family
Amarynceus had two sons, Diores and Hippostratus.
3 Others
In 1243 BC, Amarynceus was appointed general by Augeas, king of Elis, when Heracles attacked Elis.
The twin sons of Actor appear in the funeral games of Amarynceus, described in the Iliad.
After the battle with Heracles, Actor's twin sons were killed by Heracles at Cleonae.
In other words, Amarynceus probably died in battle when Heracles attacked Elis.
< Antiochus, son of Heracles >
1 Origin
In 1227 BC, Antiochus was born in Trachis near Mount Oeta.
Antiochus's father was Heracles.
Antiochus's mother was Meda.
Meda's father Phylas was the king of the Dryopians, but died in a battle with Heracles.
2 Family
Antiochus had a son Phylas.
Aletes, the son of Hippotas, son of Phylas, became the founder of Corinth, which was ruled by the Dorians.
3 Others
Antiochus grew up in Trachis with Hyllus, the son of Heracles and Deianeira, and moved to Attica after his father's death.
The children of Heracles lived in Tricorythus, one of the Tetrapolises in Attica.
Antiochus became one of the eponyms of the 10 tribes of Athens.
Antiochis, whose ancestor was Antiochus, lived in Alopece, near Mount Hymettus.
Aristides, the son of Lysimachus, whom Herodotus regards as a most noble man, belonged to Antiochis and lived in Alopece.
< Asclepius, son of Ischys >
1 Origins
In 1263 BC, Asclepius (or Aesculapius) was born near the Lethaeus River in Tricca of Thessaly.
Asclepius's father was Ischys.
Asclepius's mother was Coronis.
2 Family
Asclepius had two wives, Coronis and Epione.
Coronis's father, Eilatidas, lived in Gyrton.
Asclepius had two sons, Machaon and Podalirus.
Machaon and Podalirus were about 20 years apart in age, so they are probably half-brothers.
Asclepius also had daughters, Panakeia (or Panacia), Hygeia, Aigle, Akeso, and Iaso.
3 Others
3.1 Real name
The 12th century AD rhetorician Tzetzes reports that Asclepius's real name was Hepius (or Epios).
Tzetzes writes that Hepius was called Asclepius after he cured the eye disease of Ascles, the tyrant of Epidaurus. Homer, who likes to use old place names, also uses Asclepius, so Tzetzes's theory seems to be a pun.
3.2 Medicine
It was Apis from Egypt who brought medicine to Greece.
Apis accompanied Acrisius of Argos from Egypt to Nauplia near Argos.
The wife of Amyclas, the brother of Acrisius's wife Eurydice, was Diomede, the daughter of Lapithus, the founder of the Lapiths.
It is presumed that the medicine that was introduced from Egypt was passed on from Apis to the Lapiths.
Asclepius, a member of the Lapiths, further developed the medicine.
3.3 The Epidaurus Birth Theory
There is a legend that Asclepius was born in Epidaurus of Argolis.
The background of the origin of this legend is thought to be related to the following:
1) The mother of Asclepius's grandfather Phlegyas was from Epidaurus.
2) There is a tholos in Epidaurus that is thought to be the tomb of Asclepius.
3) Three sons of Machaon, son of Asclepius, practiced medicine in Argolis.
< Atalanta, daughter of Schoeneus > 1/2
1 Origin
In 1275 BC, Atalanta was born in Schoinos of Boeotia.
Atalanta's father was Schoeneus.
2 Family
Atalanta's husband was Hippomenes, son of Megareus, who lived in Onchestus of Boeotia.
Hippomenes and Atalanta had a son, Parthenopaeus.
3 Others
Onchestus and Schoinos were towns descended from Athamas, son of Aeolus.
Orchomenus was ruled by Clymenus, son of Presbon, son of Phrixus, son of Athamas, and was succeeded by his son Erginus.
As a result, Onchestus and Schoinos came under the rule of Erginus, king of Orchomenus. Later, Erginus was defeated in a battle with Thebes.
Oppressed by Thebes, Hippomenes and Schoeneus, who lived in Onchestus and Schoinos, emigrated to Arcadia.
Schoeneus founded Schoinos near Tegea.
Atalanta is mentioned in the story of the Calydonian boar hunt.
< Atalanta, daughter of Iasus > 2/2
1 Origin
In 1265 BC, Atalanta was born in Tegea of Arcadia.
Atalanta's father was Iasus.
Iasus' father was Lycurgus, the son of Aleus.
2 Family
Atalanta's husband was Melanion.
Melanion's father was Amphidamas, the son of Lycurgus, son of Aleus.
In other words, Atalanta and Melanion were cousins.
3 Other
Atalanta, the daughter of Iasus, is said to be the same person as Atalanta, the daughter of Schoeneus.
This confusion in the legend was due to the fact that two people with the same name lived in the same area at the same time.
< Autolycus, son of Daedalion >
1 Origin
In 1287 BC, Autolycus was born near Mount Parnassus.
His father was Daedalion.
His mother was Philonis (or Chione).
2 Family
Autolycus married Amphithea.
Autolycus had a son, Aesimus.
Besides Aesimus, Autolycus had another son, whose name is unknown.
Autolycus also had a daughter, Anticleia (or Anticlia).
Aesimus had a son, Sinon, who appears in the story of the Trojan Horse.
Anticleia married Laertes, son of Arcesius, and had Odysseus, one of the main characters in Iliad.
Autolycus had a twin brother, Philammon.
Philammon's descendants included the famous poets Orpheus and Homer.
3 Others
Odysseus visited his grandfather Autolycus and hunted boars in Delphi.
According to Homer, he left Autolycus' place of residence at dawn and arrived in Delphi around sunrise; Autolycus seems to have lived near Delphi in Phocis, but the name of the town is unknown.
< Automedon, son of Diores >
1 Origin
In 1230 BC, Automedon was born in Buprasium of Eleia.
Automedon's father was Diores.
2 Other
Automedon appears in the Trojan War legend as Achilles' charioteer.
< Andromache, daughter of Eetion >
1 Origin
In 1216 BC, Andromache was born in Thebe of Cilicia, near Mount Ida.
Andromache's father was Eetion.
Andromache's mother was Astynome.
2 Family
Andromache married Hector, son of Priam.
Andromache and Hector had two sons, Astyanax (or Scamandrius) and Laodamas.
After Hector's death, Andromache married Neoptolemus, son of Achilles.
Neoptolemus and Andromache had three sons, Molossus, Pielus, and Pergamus.
3 Other
3.1 Emigration to the land of the Molossians
In 1188 BC, Ilium, where Hector and Andromache lived, was attacked and occupied by the sons of Antenor. Hector, who was expelled from Ilium, asked the Achaeans for reinforcements and tried to retake the city.
In 1186 BC, Hector and the other leaders of the Achaeans were killed in a battle with the sons of Antenor.
Andromache, along with the sons of Hector, emigrated to the land of the Molossians, led by Neoptolemus, son of Achilles.
3.2 Marriage with Neoptolemus
Andromache married Neoptolemus.
Neoptolemus and Andromache had three sons, Molossus, Pielus, and Pergamus.
3.3 Marriage with Helenus
In 1175 BC, Neoptolemus sacked Delphi and was killed in battle against the Delphians led by Machaereus, son of Daetas.
Neoptolemus was succeeded by Helenus, son of Priam.
Helenus had founded Buthroutum near the coast west of Dodona.
Andromache married Helenus and lived in Buthroutum.
Andromache and Helenus had a son, Cestrinus.
3.4 Return to Asia Minor
In 1156 BC, Pergamus, son of Neoptolemus, moved to Asia Minor with his mother Andromache and founded Pergamon.
Thebe, where Andromache was born, was very close to Pergamon.
< Aegeus, son of Scyrius >
1 Origin
Aegeus was born in 1318 BC in Scyros, an island north of Euboea.
Aegeus' father was Scyrius, also called Sciron, Scirus, Chiron, or Cheiron.
Scyrius was the first Greek ruler of Scyros, and gave his name to the island.
Aegeus had a territory in Scyros.
2 Family
Aegeus married Meta, daughter of Hoples.
Aegeus married Chalciope, daughter of Chalcodon (or Rhexenor).
Aegeus had daughters with Autocthe.
Aegeus had a son, Theseus, with Aethra, daughter of Pittheus.
3 Others
3.1 Grandfather
Aegeus was the eldest son of Pandion, but was adopted.
Pandion had many sons after adopting Aegeus.
It is believed that Aegeus became king of Athens because his father, Scyrius, was the son of Cecrops, the seventh king of Athens.
3.2 Internal conflict
The seventh king of Athens, Cecrops, emigrated to Euboea.
The conflict between Cecrops and his brother Metion is believed to have been the cause of this migration, and conflict continued among their descendants for several generations.
In 1295 BC, the family of Pandion, including Aegeus, was driven out of Athens by the sons of Metion and fled to Megara.
3.3 Return to Athens
In 1285 BC, Aegeus returned from Megara to Athens and expelled the sons of Metion.
3.4 Conflict with stepbrothers
In 1277 BC, a conflict arose between Aegeus and his stepbrothers.
Pandion's sons, driven out by Aegeus, emigrated to various places.
3.5 Battle with Minos
In 1264 BC, a battle broke out between Athens and Minos of Crete.
According to legend, the cause of the battle was the murder of Minos' son Androgeus.
In fact, it is assumed that there was a dispute between the sons of Aegeus and Pallas, the son of Pandion, and Androgeus, who sided with the latter, was killed in battle, which led to the battle between Aegeus and Minos.
3.6 Minos' Attack on Megara
This was a battle between Aegeus, the king of Athens, and Minos, and the battle took place in Megara.
Aegeus fled to Megara, where he had lived in exile with his father Pandion, and Nisus, the son of Pandion of Megara, who sided with Aegeus, died in the battle with Minos.
3.7 Exile in Troezen
After his defeat in battle, Aegeus went into exile with Pittheus, son of Pelops, who lived in Troezen in Argolis.
In Troezen, in 1263 BC, Aegeus had a son, Theseus, born to Pittheus' daughter Aethra.
3.8 Return to Athens
In 1262 BC, Aegeus returned to Athens with the help of Anaphlystus and Sphettus, the sons of Troezen, brother of Pittheus.
Two towns named after Anaphlystus and Sphettus were founded in Attica.
Aegeus improved his relationship with Minos by promising him tribute, but the conflict with Pallas's sons continued.
3.9 Summoning Theseus
In 1247 BC, Aegeus, who was old and had no heir, summoned Theseus to Athens.
Theseus was 16 years old at the time.
Aegeus probably had other sons besides Theseus, but they were killed in battles with Pallas's sons and Minos.
Theseus' mother, Aethra, was not the legal wife of Aegeus, and it is assumed that Theseus was raised as the heir to his grandfather Pittheus.
3.10 Marriage alliance with Crete
In 1241 BC, Aegeus brought Minos' daughter Phaedra to Athens as a wife for Theseus.
Shortly before this, Minos died, and his eldest son Deucalion, who succeeded him, gave his sister Phaedra in marriage to Theseus in order to forge an alliance with Aegeus.
By the marriage alliance of Theseus and Phaedra, abolished Athens' tribute to Crete.
3.11 Death of Aegeus
In 1239 BC, Aegeus died and Theseus became king of Athens.
Aegeus is estimated to have been 79 years old at the time of his death.
Aegeus became one of the eponyms of the 10 tribes of Athens.
< Amathus, son of Aerias >
1 Origin
Amathus was born in 1265 BC in Palaepaphos of Cyprus.
Amathus' father was Aerias.
Amathus' mother is presumed to have been Amathousis, who named the town of Amathus.
2 Others
Amathus migrated east from Palaepaphos and founded Amathus.
Amathus built a temple of Aphrodite in the town of Amathus.
< Aerias, father of Amathus >
1 Origin
Aerias was born in 1295 BC in Palaepaphos of Cyprus.
Aerias is believed to be a descendant of Cinyras, son of Sandocus, who founded Palaepaphos in 1385 BC.
2 Family
Aerias' wife is believed to have been Amathousis.
Aerias had a son, Amathus.
Cinyras is also believed to have been Aerias' son.
3 Others
Aerias built a temple to Aphrodite in Palaepaphos.
< Amathousis, mother of Cinyras >
1 Origin
Amathousis was born in 1290 BC in Palaepaphos of Cyprus.
2 Family
Amathousis' husband was presumably Aerias.
Amathousis had a son, Cinyras.
Amathousis also had a son, presumably Amathus.
The town of Amathus was named after Amathousis.
< Ajax, son of Telamon >
1 Origin
Ajax was born in Salamis in 1240 BC.
Ajax's father was Telamon, son of Aeacus.
Ajax's mother was Periboea (or Eriboea).
2 Family
Ajax married Lysidice.
Lysidice's father was Coronus, son of Caeneus.
Coronus was the leader of the Lapiths who later fought against Heracles.
Ajax and Lysidice had a son, Philaeus (or Philius).
Ajax had two other sons during the Troy campaign.
1) Aeantides was born to Ajax and Glauce, daughter of Cycnus.
2) Eurysaces was born to Ajax and Tecmessa, daughter of Teuthras.
3 Others
3.1 King of Megara
After the death of Alcathous, the son of Pelops, who succeeded Nisus, the son of Pandion, as king of Megara, Ajax became king of the Megarians.
Ajax was the son of Periboea, the daughter of Alcathous.
3.2 Expedition of Troy
In 1188 BC, the sons of Antenor expelled the sons of Priam and occupied Ilium.
The sons of Priam requested reinforcements from the Achaeans, who had been on friendly terms with them through the use of the Hellespont.
The Achaeans organized an expeditionary force against Troy, with Achilles as its commander-in-chief.
Ajax was Achilles' cousin, and is thought to have participated in Achilles' expedition.
In 1186 BC, Priam's son Hector, the commanders-in-chief of the attack on Ilium, Achilles, and Ajax, were killed in battle, and the Achaeans gave up on recapturing Ilium.
Ajax was buried at Rhoeteium, northeast of Ilium.
3.3 Aeantidae
Ajax was one of the eponymous tribes of Athens.
Herodotus reports that among the eponymous tribes of Athens, only Ajax had no connection to Athens.
However, Ajax's father Telamon's mother Endeis (or Endais) was the daughter of Sciron, the biological father of Aegeus, the 9th king of Athens.
Sciron's father is also presumed to be the son of Cecrops, the 7th king of Athens, so Ajax was related by blood to the king of the Athenians.
The Aeantidae, whose eponym is Ajax, lived in Oinoe near Marathon.
The name Aeantidae is presumed to be derived from the name of Aeantides, the son of Ajax and Cycnus' daughter Glauce.
1,360 Greeks died in the Battle of Plataea in 479 BC.
Among them were 52 Athenians, all of whom were from the Aeantidae.
Demosthenes, in his funeral oration, names the Aeantidae as a tribe of valor.
< Abderus, son of Menoetius >
1 Origin
Abderus was born in Opus, Epicnemidian Locris, in 1255 BC.
Abderus' father was Menoetius.
2 Others
Abderus was a minion of Heracles.
< Acastus, son of Pelias >
1 Origin
Acastus was born in Iolcus, Thessaly, in 1295 BC.
Acastus' father was Pelias, son of Cretheus.
Acastus' mother was Phylomache, daughter of Amphion.
2 Family
Acastus married Astydamia.
Acastus had a daughter, Sterope.
Acastus' daughter, Stenel, married Menoetius.
Acastus' daughter, Laodamia, married Protesilaus, son of Iphiclus, who lived in Phylace.
Acastus had two sons, Menalippus and Plisthenes.
3 Others
In 1236 BC, Iolcus was destroyed by a rebellion and Acastus is believed to have died.
The ringleaders of that revolt were Minyans, although they do not appear in the historical records.
Rebellions occurred not only in Iolcus but also in Pherae.
Acastus' mother, Phylomache, was married to Iolcus from the town of Minyans in Boeotia.
Also, Admetus' mother, Periclymene, from Pherae, was married to Iolcus from the town of Minyans.
In other words, there were many Minyans who migrated to Iolcus and Pherae with Phylomache and Periclymene.
The Minyans who rebelled and destroyed the towns were fought by Peleus, who ruled Phthia, which was adjacent to the two towns.
After losing the battle with Peleus, the Minyans migrated to Lemnos.
In 1115 BC, the Minyans, who lived in Lemnos, were driven out by the Pelasgians and moved to Lacedaemon.
The Minyans were so powerful that they founded six towns in Eleia.
< Achilles, son of Peleus >
1 Origin
1.1 Birth
Achilles was born in Phthia, Thessaly, in 1234 BC.
Achilles' father was Peleus.
Achilles' mother was Thetis.
Peleus had at least two wives before marrying Thetis.
Peleus was estimated to have been 46 years old when Achilles was born.
1.2 Death of father
In 1227 BC, Heracles fought against the Lapiths who lived in Gyrton, Itonus, and Ormenium.
These towns were adjacent to Peleus' territory, but Peleus does not appear in the battle between Heracles and the Lapiths. Ceyx of Trachis, who was in Heracles' army, was the half-brother of Peleus' father Aeacus and Peleus' uncle. If Peleus had lived, he would have been in Heracles' army.
It is likely that Peleus died by this time.
When Peleus died, Achilles was a boy under seven years old.
Achilles was brought up by Phoenix, who lived in Ctimene in Dolopia, near the border with Phthia.
2 Family
Achilles married Deidamia, daughter of Lycomedes, who lived in Scyros.
Achilles and Deidamia had a son, Neoptolemus (or Pyrrhus).
Achilles and Deidamia also had a son named Oneiros.
3 Others
3.1 Expansion of power
In 1236 BC, Peleus expelled the Minyans, who had rebelled and destroyed Iolcus.
After this battle, it is believed that Phthia took over Iolcus' trade with the Black Sea coast.
In 1227 BC, the Lapiths, who lived in Itonus and Ormenium, were defeated in a battle by Heracles.
Although Peleus' name does not appear in this battle, it is believed that the Myrmidons of Phthia also sided with Heracles because of their connection with Ceyx of Trachis.
Trachis was a town of the Myrmidons.
As a result, Achilles' area of control extended into the Pagasetic Gulf.
3.2 Trade with the Black Sea coast
The Minyans, whom Peleus expelled from Iolcus, knew the sea route to Colchis on the eastern Black Sea coast.
The source of wealth of Iolcus, which was so prosperous that the story of the Argonauts was created, was trade with the Black Sea coast. Peleus took over trade with the Black Sea coast from the Minyans, and Achilles further developed it.
The geographer Pomponius Mela, who lived in the 1st century AD, tells us that Achilles may have actually been active in the Black Sea.
In the northern Black Sea, there was Dromos Achilleos (Racecourse of Achilles), named after Achilles.
In the northwestern Black Sea, there was an island dedicated to Achilles.
3.3 Expedition of Troy
In 1188 BC, the sons of Antenor expelled the sons of Priam and occupied Ilium.
Priam's sons asked Achilles, with whom they had been friends through the use of Hellespont, for reinforcements.
Achilles led the Achaeans in an expedition to Troy.
Achilles died in battle with the sons of Antenor.
His tomb was in Sigeium, northwest of Ilium.
In 334 BC, Alexander the Great visited Achilles' tomb and anointed the gravestone marker with holy oil.
< Amphictyon, son of Deucalion >
1 Origin
Amphictyon was born in 1433 BC in Doris near the Peneius River in northern Thessaly.
Amphictyon's father was Deucalion, son of Dorus.
2 Family
Amphictyon had a son Aetolus.
Amphictyon had a son Itonus.
3 Others
In 1420 BC, Amphictyon moved from northern Thessaly to the land (later Cynus) at the eastern edge of Epicnemidian Locris.
In 1410 BC, Amphictyon moved to the vicinity of Thermopylae and founded Antheia (or Anthela).
Epicnemidian Locris was succeeded by Amphictyon, Aetolus, Physcius, and Locrus, and the center of the region was Antheia.
In 1390 BC, Amphictyon expelled the Pelasgians, who lived in Thessaly, with his brothers.
< Aetolus, son of Amphictyon >
1 Origin
Aetolus was born in 1413 BC in the land (later Cynus) at the eastern edge of Epicnemidian Locris.
Aetolus' father was Amphictyon, son of Deucalion.
2 Family
Aetolus had a son, Physcius.
3 Others
In 1410 BC, Aetolus moved with his father to the vicinity of Thermopylae and founded Antheia (or Anthela).
Aetolus succeeded his father as ruler of Epicnemidian Locris.
< Almus, son of Sisyphus >
1 Origin
Almus was born in Arne in Thessaly in 1424 BC.
Almus' father was Sisyphus, son of Aeolus.
2 Family
Almus had two daughters, Chryse and Chrysogeneia.
3 Others
In 1407 BC, Almus founded Ephyraea (later Corinth) in Argolis with his father.
In 1365 BC, Almus founded Almones on the north side of Lake Copais in Boeotia, after receiving land from Eteocles.
Eteocles was the son of Andreus, son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen.
Almus was the son of Sisyphus, son of Aeolus, son of Hellen.
So Almus was a cousin of Hippotes, Eteocles' great-grandfather.
< Amphion, son of Iasius >
1 Origin
Amphion was born in Orchomenus, Boeotia, in 1335 BC.
Amphion's father was Iasius.
2 Family
Amphion had a daughter, Phylomache.
Pylomache married Pelias, son of Cretheus.
Amphion had a daughter, Chloris.
Chloris married Neleus, son of Cretheus.
< Andreus, son of Aeolus >
1 Origin
Andreus was born in Arne, Thessaly, in 1400 BC.
Andreus' father was Aeolus, son of Hippotes.
Andreus was also called Minyas.
2 Family
Andreus' wife was Euippe, daughter of Leucon (or Leuconoe), son of Athamas.
Andreus had a son, Eteocles.
Andreus had a daughter, Persephone.
3 Others
In 1380 BC, Andreus moved from Arne to Boeotia and founded Andreis.
Pausanias reports that Andreus gave land to Athamas, who came later.
However, Andreus was of the same generation as Athamas' granddaughter, so it is more reasonable to think that Athamas gave land to Andreus, who came later.
Later, as Orchomenus' fame grew, a counter-tale was invented, that Andreus had given the land to Athamas.
< Anticyreus, son of Cyparissus >
1 Origin
Anticyreus was born in Cyparissus, Phocis, in 1300 BC.
Anticyreus' father was Cyparissus, son of Minyas.
2 Others
It is said that Anticyreus cured Heracles of his madness with hellebore. Anticyreus was a contemporary of Heracles.
< Aeetes, son of Sisyphus >
1 Origin
In 1435 BC, Aeetes was born in Arne of Thessaly.
1.1 Father of Aeetes
We have not found any historical record that explicitly states the name of Aeetes' father.
However, the following facts suggest that Aeetes' father was Sisyphus, son of Aeolus.
1) Ephyraea was called Corinth, after Corinthus, son of Marathon, son of Epopeus, son of Aloeus, son of Helius (Sun).
2) The founder of Ephyraea was Sisyphus, son of Aeolus.
3) Helius (Sun) gave Ephyraea to his son Aeetes.
4) Epopeus' mother was Canace, daughter of Aeolus.
Thus, Helius (Sun), father of Aeetes, is presumed to be Sisyphus, son of Aeolus.
2 Family
Aeetes had a daughter Chalciope (or Iophossa, Euenia).
3 Others
In 1407 BC, Aeetes and his father Sisyphus moved from Arne to the east side of Sicyon and founded Ephyraea (later Corinth).
In 1390 BC, Aeetes led a group of emigrants to Colchis on the eastern coast of the Black Sea.
< Athamas, son of Aeolus >
1 Origin
In 1445 BC, Athamas was born in Melitaea, Thessaly.
Athamas' father was Aeolus, son of Hellen.
2 Family
Athamas married Themisto, daughter of Hypseus.
Athamas and Themisto had sons, Leucon, Erythrius, Schoeneus, Ptous, Sphincius, and Orchomenus.
Athamas and Themisto had a daughter, Eurycleia.
Athamas had a wife named Nephele (or Nebula).
Athamas and Nephele had a son Phrixus and a daughter Helle.
3 Others
3.1 Emigration to Arne
In 1435 BC, Achaeus, son of Xuthus, invaded Melitaea from Aegialus in northern Peloponnesus.
Xuthus was the brother of Aeolus, whom Athamas' father had driven out of Melitaea.
Mimas, son of Aeolus, who was driven out of Melitaea by Achaeus, migrated northwestward from Melitaea and founded Arne.
Mimas' brothers, Sisyphus and Athamas, also migrated from Melitaea to Arne.
3.2 Founding of Halus
In 1415 BC, Athamas migrated from Arne to the western shore of the Pagasetic Gulf and founded Halus.
At that time, the northern side of the Pagasetic Gulf was inhabited by Pelasgians.
Halus was the first town of Aeolis built around the Pagasetic Gulf.
3.3 Emigration to Boeotia
In 1390 BC, a great tsunami in the Aegean Sea washed away Halus on the western shore of the Pagasetic Gulf.
Athamas lost his town and migrated to Boeotia.
Athamas founded Acraephnium (or Acraephium) on the east side of Lake Copais.
Athamas lived on the Athamantian plain between Acraephnium and Lake Copais.
3.4 Marriage to the daughter of Cadmus
Around Lake Copais lived the Encheleans, who migrated with Cadmus in 1420 BC.
The Encheleans migrated to Illyria, and the cause of their migration is thought to have been the pressure exerted by the settlement of the Aeolis led by Athamas.
Thus, it is presumed that Athamas and Cadmeia did not have a good relationship.
There is a tradition that Athamas and Ino, daughter of Cadmus, were married, but it is believed to be a fiction.
3.5 Settlement of Andreus
In 1380 BC, Andreus emigrated from Arne of Thessaly, relying on Athamas.
Andreus was the son of Aeolus, son of Hippotes, son of Mimas, brother of Athamas.
Athamas gave the land to his brother's great-grandson Andreus.
Athamas gave his granddaughter Euippe to Andreus as his wife.
3.6 Adoption
In 1371 BC, Athamas adopted two sons of Thesander, son of his brother Sisyphus, Coronus and Haliartus.
Leucon, who was to succeed Athamas, died of illness, and Phrixus emigrated elsewhere and was never heard from again.
3.7 Successor
In 1370 BC, Phrixus' two sons, Melas and Presbon, emigrated from Colchis to Athamas.
Melas and Presbon were grandsons of Athamas, who was born in Colchis.
Athamas married Melas to his daughter Eurycleia, making Melas his heir.
Athamas' adopted son Coronus founded Coroneia southwest of Lake Copais.
Athamas' adopted son Haliartus founded Haliartus on the south side of Lake Copais.
< Argus, son of Phrixus >
1 Origin
Argus was born in 1385 BC in Colchis.
His father was Phrixus, son of Athamas.
Argus' mother was Chalciope (or Iophossa, Euenia), daughter of Aeetes.
2 Others
Argus' brothers emigrated from Colchis to the southern coast of the Black Sea and Boeotia, but Argus' whereabouts are unknown.
< Atthis, daughter of Cranaus >
1 Origin
Atthis was born in 1530 BC in Sais in the Nile Delta of Egypt.
Atthis's father was Cranaus, the third king of Athens.
2 Family
Atthis married Hephaestus.
Hephaestus and Atthis had a son, Erichthonius.
3 Others
3.1 Emigration from Egypt to Greece
From the following, it is assumed that Atthis migrated from Egypt to Greece with his father at a young age and lived in Boeotia.
1) Atthis had another name, Athena.
2) Homer adds Alalcomenae to Athena's name.
3) Eleusis and Athens were located near the Triton River, which flows near Alalcomenae.
4) Cecrops was the founder of Eleusis and Athens.
Cecrops had his successor, Cranaus, build a city, and Atthis is presumably raised on the banks of the River Triton.
3.2 Origin of the name Athens
The name Athens is said to have been named by the first king of Athens, Cecrops, after his hometown, Sais (which means Athena in Egyptian language).
It is also said that the third king of Athens, Amphictyon, named the city Athens after the goddess Athena.
However, it is believed that Athens was not the official name until the time of Theseus, as Cecropia was one of the 12 towns that were merged into one by Theseus, the 10th king of Athens.
It is likely that the city was also called Athens from the time of Erichthonius, the fourth king of Athens, after Erichthonius' mother, Atthis, who was also known as Athena.
< Aeetes, son of Perseis >
1 Origin
Aeetes was born in Tauric Chersonese (now Crimea) in 1325 BC.
Aeetes' mother was Perseis (or Perse).
Aeetes' father is presumed to be the son of Cleopatra, daughter of Boreas.
2 Family
Aeetes married Hecate (or Idyia), daughter of his brother Perses.
Aeetes had a son, Aegialeus.
Aeetes had a son, Absyrtus.
Aeetes had a daughter, Medea.
Aeetes had a daughter, Circe.
3 Others
Aeetes was born in Tauric Chersonese, and when he reached adulthood, he moved to his mother's hometown, Colchis.
< Adrastus, son of Polyneices >
1 Origin
Adrastus was born in Argos in 1222 BC.
His father was Polyneices, son of Oedipus.
2 Others
In 1205 BC, Adrastus, together with his brother Thersander and the Argives, attacked and captured Thebes.
< Aulon, son of Tlesimenes >
1 Origin
Aulon was born in Schoinus, Arcadia in 1200 BC.
Aulon's father was Tlesimenes, son of Parthenopaeus.
2 Others
Aulon's hero mausoleum was in Sparta.
< Acamas, son of Theseus >
1 Origin
In 1235 BC, Acamas was born in Athens.
Acamas's father was Theseus, the 10th King of Athens.
Acamas's mother was Phaedra, daughter of Minos.
2 Others
2.1 Exile to Euboea
In 1210 BC, Demophon and Acamas went into exile to Elephenor, son of Chalcodon, who lived at Chalcis in Euboea.
Elephenor was the brother of Chalciope, the mother-in-law of Theseus. In other words, Elephenor was the brother of Demophon's father's mother-in-law.
2.2 Return to Athens
In 1186 BC, Demophon and Acamas returned from Euboea to Athens and Demophon became the 13th King of Athens.
Menestheus, pursued from Athens by Demophon and Acamas, fled to Melos and died on that island.
< Aethusa, daughter of Orchomenus >
1 Origin
In 1430 BC, Aethusa was born in Samothrace.
Aethusa's mother was Alcyone.
Aethusa's father was Megassares.
2 Family
Aethusa had a son, Eleuther.
3 Others
In 1420 BC, Aethusa and her father Megassares joined the Cadmus emigrants from Samothrace to Boeotia.
Megassares founded Euboea (later Hyria) near the Euripus Strait.
< Alcyone, daughter of Orchomenus >
1 Origin
In 1460 BC, Alcyone (or Halcyone) was born in Methydrium in Arcadia.
Alcyone's father was Orchomenus, son of Lycaon.
Alcyone's father was also called Atlas, and Alcyone was one of the Pleiades (or Atlantides).
2 Family
Alcyone married Megassares.
Alcyone had a son Hyrieus.
Alcyone had a son Hyperenor (or Anthas).
Alcyone had a daughter, Aethusa.
Alcyone had a daughter Pharnace.
3 Others
3.1 From Arcadia to Samothrace
In 1430 BC, Alcyone, along with Megassares, joined Dardanus' emigration party and moved from Arcadia to Samothrace.
Dardanus' migration was caused by a famine that flooded Methydrium, where he lived.
Thus, it is presumed that Megassares also lived in or near Methydrium.
3.2 From Samothrace to Boeotia
In 1420 BC, Alcyone and Megassares joined Cadmus' emigration party and moved from Samothrace to Boeotia, where Megassares founded Euboea (later Hyria) near the Euripus Strait.
< Alcon, son of Hippocoon >
1 Origin
Alcon was born in Sparta in 1270 BC.
Alcon' father was Hippocoon, son of Oebalus.
2 Others
Alcon was killed in battle with Heracles in 1239 BC along with his father Hippocoon and other brothers.
< Anogon, son of Polydeuces >
1 Origins
Anogon (or Anaxis) was born in Sparta in 1235 BC.
Anogon's father was Castor, son of Tyndareus.
Anogon's mother was Hilaira, daughter of Leucippus.
< Arene, daughter of Oebalus >
1 Origin
Arene was born in Sparta in 1302 BC.
Arene's father was Oebalus, son of Cynortas.
2 Family
Arene married Aphareus, son of Perieres, who lived in Andania, Messenia.
Aphareus and Arene had two sons, Idas and Lynceus.
Aphareus and Arene also had a son named Pisus.
3 Others
In 1280 BC, Arene moved to a town that Aphareus had founded on the west coast of Messenia. The town was called Arene after Arene.
< Aphareus, son of Perieres >
1 Origin
Aphareus was born in Andania, Messenia, in 1306 BC.
Aphareus' father was Perieres, son of Aeolus.
2 Family
Aphareus married Arene, daughter of Oebalus, who lived in Sparta.
Arene was Aphareus' half-sister.
Aphareus and Arene had two sons, Idas and Lynceus.
Aphareus and Arene also had a son named Pisus.
3 Other
3.1 Founding of Arene
In 1280 BC, Aphareus moved to the west coast of Messenia and founded Arene.
The town was named after Aphareus' wife Arene.
3.2 Visit of Lycus
In 1277 BC, Aphareus was visited by Lycus, son of Pandion of Athens.
Lycus performed the mysteries of the Great Goddess on the family of Aphareus in Andania.
The mysteries of the Great Goddess of Andania were conveyed to Messene, wife of Polycaon, by Caucon, son of Celaenus of Eleusis, who visited Andania in 1385 BC.
Messene's sister Celaeno was the mother of Celaenus. In other words, Caucon visited Messene, the sister-in-law of his grandfather Phlyus.
3.3 Visit of Tyndareus
In 1265 BC, Aphareus was visited by Tyndareus, son of Oebalus of Sparta.
Tyndareus invited Idas, son of Aphareus, to emigrate to Aetolia.
Tyndareus was the half-brother of Aphareus, and Idas was the nephew of Tyndareus.
< Amyclas, son of Lacedaemon >
1 Origin
Amyclas was born in Sparta in 1370 BC.
Amyclas' father was Lacedaemon.
2 Family
Amyclas married Diomede, daughter of Lapithus.
Amyclas had a son Aigalus.
Amyclas had a son Cynortas (or Cynortes).
Amyclas had a son Harpalus.
Amyclas had a son Hyacinthus (or Hyacinth).
Amyclas had a daughter Polyboea.
Amyclas had a daughter Laodameia.
Acrias, who founded Acriae, is also presumed to be Amyclas' son.
3 Others
3.1 Marriage with Diomede
In 1351 BC, Amyclas married Diomede, daughter of Lapithus from Thessaly.
Acrisius, husband of Amyclas' sister Eurydice, had connections with Lapithus when he organized the Amphictyons.
Lapithus, son of Aeolus, lived near the Peneius River in northern Thessaly and was the eponym of Lapiths.
Many Aeolis moved with Diomede to Amyclae.
Amyclae was the last remaining town of the Achaeans after Laconia was taken over by the Dorians.
3.2 Founding of Amyclae
In 1350 BC, Amyclas moved to the right bank of the Eurotas River, about 4 km south of Sparta, and founded Amyclae.
Amyclas' eldest son Aigalus inherited Amyclae, and Cynortas inherited Sparta.
< Aigalus, son of Amyclas >
1 Origin
Aigalus was born in Amyclae in 1348 BC.
Aigalus' father was Amyclas.
2 Others
Aigalus succeeded his father Amyclas as king of Lacedaemon.
< Amyclas, father of Hegesandre >
1 Origin
Amyclas was born in Amyclae in 1310 BC.
Amyclas' father is presumed to be Amyclas' son Cynortas.
2 Family
Amyclas had a daughter, Hegesandre.
< Argeius, son of Pelops >
1 Origin
Argeius was born in Pisa in 1288 BC.
Argeius' father was Pelops.
2 Family
Argeius married Hegesandre, daughter of Amyclas, who lived in Amyclae.
< Alcinus, son of Hippocoon >
1 Origin
Alcinus (or Alcimus) was born in Sparta in 1280 BC.
Alcinus' father was Hippocoon, son of Oebalus.
2 Others
Alcinus was killed in battle with Heracles in 1239 BC along with his father Hippocoon and other brothers.
< Alector, son of Argeius >
1 Origin
Alector was born in Pisa in 1255 BC.
Alector's father was Argeius.
2 Family
Alector had a daughter who married Megapenthes, son of Menelaus, grandson of Atreus.
Megapenthes was the son of Menelaus and the slave Pieris.
3 Others
Alector was living in Sparta when his daughter married Menelaus.
< Ancaeus, son of Oeneus >
1 Origin
Ancaeus was born in Calydon in 1265 BC.
Ancaeus' father was Oeneus, son of Calydon. [Apo.1.8.2-5, Apollo.1.190, Bacchy.5.100]
2 Others
Ancaeus died in battle with the sons of Thestius in 1246 BC. [Apo.1.8.2-5, Apollo.1.190, Bacchy.5.100]
< Agelaus, son of Oeneus >
1 Origin
Agelaus was born in Calydon in 1265 BC.
Agelaus' father was Oeneus, son of Calydon. [Apo.1.8.2-5, Apollo.1.190, Bacchy.5.100]
2 Others
In 1246 BC, Agelaus died fighting the sons of Thestius. [Apo.1.8.2-5, Apollo.1.190, Bacchy.5.100]
< Agenor, son of Thestius >
1 Origin
Agenor was born in Pleuron in 1270 BC.
Agenor's father was Thestius, son of Pleuron. [Diod.4.34.5, Hyginus.173, 244, Bacchy.5.120]
Agenor's mother was Laophonte, daughter of Pleuron. [FGrH.Nr333.F9]
2 Others
Agenor died in a battle with the sons of Oeneus in 1246 BC. [Diod.4.34.5, Hyginus.173, 244, Bacchy.5.120]
< Aphares, son of Thestius >
1 Origin
Aphares was born in Pleuron in 1270 BC.
Aphares' father was Thestius, son of Pleuron. [Diod.4.34.5, Hyginus.173, 244, Bacchy.5.120]
Aphares' mother was Laophonte, daughter of Pleuron. [FGrH.Nr333.F9]
2 Others
In 1246 BC, Aphares died in battle with the sons of Oeneus. [Diod.4.34.5, Hyginus.173, 244, Bacchy.5.120]
< Agenor, son of Pleuron >
1 Origin
Agenor was born in Pleuron, Aetolia, in 1304 BC.
Agenor's father was Pleuron, son of Aetolus. [Apo.1.7.7, Paus.3.13.8]
Agenor's mother was Xanthippe, daughter of Dorus. [Apo.1.7.7]
2 Family
Agenor married Epcaste, daughter of Calydon. [Apo.1.7.7]
Agenor and Epcaste had a son, Parthaon (or Porthaon, Portheus). [Apo.1.7.7]
Agenor and Epcaste had a daughter, Demonice. [Apo.1.7.7]
< Agrius, son of Parthaon >
1 Origin
Agrius was born in 1260 BC in Pleuron, Aetolia.
Agrius' father was Parthaon, son of Agenor. [Apo.1.7.10, Hyginus.242].
Agrius' mother was Euryte, daughter of Hippodamas. [Apo.1.7.10].
2 Family
Agrius married his half-sister Dia. [FGrH.333.123].
Agrius and Dia had sons, Thersites, Onchestus, Prothous, Celeutor, Lycopeus, and Melanippus. [Apo.1.8.6]
3 Others.
The sons of Agrius banished Oeneus of Calydon. [Paus.2.25.2]
Later, the sons of Agrius were attacked and killed in battle by Diomedes son of Tydeus. [Apo.1.8.6, Hyginus.175, Paus.2.25.2].
According to tradition, Agrius himself participated in this battle. [Antoninus.37].
The descendants of Agrius, exiled by Diomedes, fled to the interior of Aetolia and founded Agrinium. [LeakeN.1.155]
< Alcathous, son of Parthaon >
1 Origin
Alcathous was born in Pleuron, Aetolia, in 1255 BC.
Alcathous' father was Parthaon, son of Agenor. [Apo.1.7.10, Paus.6.20.17]
Alcathous' mother was Euryte, daughter of Hippodamas. [Apo.1.7.10]
2 Others
Alcathous appears in the legend as a suitor of Hippodamia, daughter of Oenomaus. [Paus.6.20.17, 21.10]
Alcathous was three generations after Hippodamia.
This error is probably related to the fact that ancient legends erroneously report that the father of Oeneus, father of Tydeus, father of Diomedes, was Parthaon, son of Agenor. [Home.Il.14.117, Hesiod.CW.F98, Hyginus.14, 129, 172, 175, 239, Apo.1.7.7-10, Antoninus.2, Paus.4.35.1]
The ancient poets seem to have considered Oeneus, father of Tydeus, to be the same person as Oeneus, son of Parthaon, who lived three generations later.
< Agenor, son of Libya >
1 Origin
Agenor was born in Thebes, Nile Delta, Egypt, in 1497 BC.
Agenor's mother was Libya, daughter of Epaphus. [Apo.2.1.4, Hyginus.157, Paus.1.44.3]
2 Family
Agenor married Telephassa (or Argiope, Tyro). [Apo.3.1.1, Hyginus.6, MalaChro.2.30, FGrH.333.21]
Agenor and Telephassa had a son, Cadmus. [Diod.5.57.5, Paus.3.15.8]
Agenor had a son, Cilix. [Apo.3.1.1, Herod.7.91]
Agenor had a daughter, Europe, who married Danaus. [FGrH.4.95, Hyginus.178]
Agenor had a daughter, Electra. [Paus.9.8.4]
Agenor married Damno, daughter of Belus. [FGrH.333.21]
Agenor and Damno had a son, Phoenix. [Apo.3.1.1, FGrH.333.21]
Agenor and Damno had two daughters, Isaie and Melia. [FGrH.333.21]
Agenor also likely had a son named Maceris. [See Maceris]
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Agenor emigrated from Egypt to Sidon in Phoenicia. [Estimated from Pliny.5.76]
This is believed to have been due to the oppression of Greeks living in the Nile Delta by the Egyptian 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III.
< Aegyptus, son of Belus >
1 Origin
Aegyptus was born in Chemmis, Nile Delta, Egypt, in 1470 BC.
Aegyptus' father was Belus, son of Libya. [Paus.7.21.13]
Aegyptus' mother was Anchinoe (or Achiroe, Sida), daughter of Nilus. [Apo.2.1.4, Tzetzes.7.350, MalaChro.2.30]
2 Family
Aegyptus married Argyphia. [Apo.2.1.5]
Aegyptus and Argyphia had a son, Lynceus. [Hyginus.273]
Aegyptus married Isaie, daughter of Agenor. [FGrH.333.21]
Aegyptus had a son, Antimachus. [Hyginus.170]
Aegyptus had a son, Eumelus. [Estimated from Paus.7.4.1 and Paus.7.21.13]
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Aegyptus emigrated from Egypt to the northwest of the Peloponnesus Peninsula. [Estimated from Paus.7.21.13]
This is believed to have been due to the oppression of the Greeks living in the Nile Delta by the Egyptian 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III.
Aegyptus died in Aroe (later Patrae). [Paus.7.21.13]
< Antimachus, son of Aegyptus >
1 Origin
Antimachus was born in Chemmis, Nile Delta, Egypt, in 1450 BC.
Antimachus' father was Aegyptus, son of Belus. [Hyginus.170]
Antimachus' mother was Isaie, daughter of Agenor. [FGrH.333.21]
2 Family
Antimachus married Midea, daughter of Danaus. [Hyginus.170]
Antimachus and Midea had a son, Amphianax. [Paus.3.25.10]
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Antimachus and his father emigrated from Egypt to the northwest of the Peloponnesus Peninsula. [Estimated from Paus.7.21.13]
This is believed to have been due to the oppression of Greeks living in the Nile Delta by Egyptian 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III.
< Archedius, son of Tegeates >
1 Origin
Archedius was born in Tegea, Arcadia, in 1467 BC.
Archedius' father was Tegeates, son of Lycaon. [Paus.8.53.2]
3 Others
In 1450 BC, Tegea suffered a serious food shortage, and the three sons of Tegeates, son of Lycaon, Cydon, Gortys, and Archedius, led the Arcadians to Crete. [Paus.8.53.4]
Archedius founded Catreus in Crete. [Paus.8.53.4]
< Astypalaea, daughter of Phoenix >
1 Origin
Astypalaea (or Astypale) was born in Thebes, Nile Delta, Egypt, in 1444 BC.
Astypalaea's father was Phoenix, son of Agenor. [Hyginus.157, Paus.7.4.1]
Astypalaea's mother was Perimede, daughter of Oeneus. [Paus.7.4.1]
2 Family
Astypalaea married Acmon (Idaean Heracles). [See Acmon]
Acmon and Astypalaea had two sons, Ancaeus and Periclymenus. [Hyginus.157]
They also had a daughter, whose name is unknown, who bore Clymenus, son of Cardys, who organized the games at Olympia. [Paus.5.8.1, See Acmon]
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Astypalaea migrated from Egypt to Tyre in Phoenicia accompanied by her father. [Estimated from Herod.1.2]
This is believed to have been due to the oppression of Greeks living in the Nile Delta by Egyptian 18th Dynasty Pharaoh Thutmose III.
In 1425 BC, Astypalaea and her sister Europa joined a migrant group led by Cadmus.
When the migrant group stayed in Aptera in the northwest of Crete, Astypalaea, who was in the migrant group, married Acmon, who lived in Aptera.
< Assaracus, son of Tros >
1 Origin
In 1350 BC, Assaracus (or Asarakos) was born in Dardanus on the Troad.
Assaracus' father was Tros, son of Erichthonius. [Apo.3.12.2, Diod.4.75.3, Home.Il.20.220, Ovid.4.19, Photios.186.12]
Assaracus' mother was Acallaris, daughter of Eumedes. [Antiq.1.62.2]
2 Family
Assaracus married Hieromneme, daughter of Simoeis. [Apo.3.12.2]
Assaracus and Hieromneme had a son, Capys. [Dictys.4.22, Diod.4.75.5, Home.Il.20.220, Ovid.4.19]
3 Others
Assaracus' brother Ilus moved to Ilium, and Assaracus succeeded Dardanus. [Photios.186.12]
< Astyoche, daughter of Simoeis >
1 Origin
Astyoche was born in Troad in 1410 BC.
Astyoche's father was Simoeis. [Apo.3.12.2]
Simoeis was a river god, and the name of Astyoche's father as a human is unknown. [Strabo.13.1.31]
2 Family
Astyoche married Erichthonius, son of Dardanus. [Apo.3.12.2]
Erichthonius and Astyoche had a son, Tros. [Apo.3.12.2, Diod.4.75.3, Home.20.220, Ovid.4.19, Photios.186.12]
< Acallaris, daughter of Eumedes >
1 Origin
Acallaris was born in Troad in 1380 BC.
Acallaris' father was Eumedes. [Antiq.1.62.2]
2 Family
Acallaris married Tros, son of Erichthonius. [Antiq.1.62.2]
Tros and Acallaris had a son, Assaracus (or Asarakos). [Antiq.1.62.2]
Tros and Acallaris also supposedly had a daughter, Eurythemiste. [DioChry.11.120, Euri.Scho.Or.11.1, Home.Il.20.54]
< Anchises, son of Cleonymus >
1 Origin
Anchises was born in Sicyon, Argolis, in 1260 BC.
Anchises' father was Cleonymus, son of Pelops. [FGrH.2.3]
2 Family
Anchises had a son, Echepolus. [FGrH.2.3, Home.Il.23.287]
< Anaxibia, daughter of Kydragora >
1 Origins
Anaxibia was born in Cleonae, Argolis, in 1237 BC.
Anaxibia's father was Pleisthenes (or Plisthenes), son of Atreus. [See Kydragora]
2 Family
Anaxibia married Strophius, son of Crisus. [Paus.2.29.4]
Strophius and Anaxibia had a son, Pylades. [FGrH.Nr333.F180, Paus.2.29.4]
Strophius had a daughter, Astydameia. [Euri.Scho.Or.33.1]
< Alcathous, son of Pelops >
1 Origin
Alcathous was born in Pisa, Eleia, in 1304 BC.
Alcathous' father was Pelops, son of Tantalus. [Paus.1.41.3]
Alcathous' mother was Hippodamia (or Hippodameia), daughter of Oenomaus.
2 Family
Alcathous married Pyrgo. [Paus.1.43.4]
Since Pyrgo's tomb was in Megara, it is assumed that she was the daughter of Sciron, son of Pylas, who competed for the kingship with Nisus, son of Pandion. [Paus.1.43.4]
Alcathous and Pyrgo had a son, Ischepolis. [Paus.1.43.2]
Alcathous and Pyrgo had a daughter, Automedusa. [Apo.2.4.11]
Alcathous married Euaechme, daughter of Megareus. [Paus.1.41.5]
Euaechme's mother was Iphinoe, daughter of Nisus, king of Megara. [Paus.1.39.6]
Alcathous and Euaechme had a son, Callipolis. [Paus.1.43.5]
Alcathous and Euaechme had a daughter, Periboea (or Eriboea). [Diod.4.72.7, Apo.3.12.7, Paus.1.42.4]
Alcathous and Euaechme had a daughter, Iphinoe. [Paus.1.43.4]
3 Others
3.1 Migration from Pisa
In 1287 BC, Alcathous emigrated from Pisa to Megara. [Paus.1.43.4]
Pausanias reports that Alcathous came to Megara after the death of Nisus in the battle with Minos. [Paus.1.41.6]
However, since the tomb of Alcathous' first wife Pyrgo was in Megara, it is assumed that Alcathous lived in Megara before the battle with Minos.
3.2 Succession in Megara
Alcathous succeeded Megara by marrying Euaechme, daughter of Iphinoe, daughter of Nisus, king of Megara. [Paus.1.41.5]
Alcathous was succeeded by Ajax, son of Alcathous and Periboea, daughter of Euaechme. [Paus.1.42.4]
< Atreus, son of Pelops >
1 Origin
Atreus was born in Pisa, Eleia, in 1290 BC.
Atreus' father was Pelops, son of Tantalus. [Apo.E.2.10, Hyginus.124, Paus.9.40.11]
1.1 Atreus' mother
Atreus' mother was not Hippodamia, but was presumably Perseus' daughter, based on the following:
1) Pelops is known to have had more than 15 sons, but Hippodamia is said to have had six. [Pind.Ol.1.89]
When creating a genealogy, Atreus was born more than 20 years after the marriage of Pelops and Hippodamia. Also, Atreus, or Thyestes, was the firstborn. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, 12.3, Tzetzes.1.420]
This means that Atreus' mother was not Hippodamia, and Atreus was likely born to another woman.
2) Sthenelus left Mideia to Atreus and Thyestes. [Apo.2.4.6]
If their mother was Hippodamia, they were the brothers of Sthenelus' wife.
If their mother was the daughter of Perseus, they were the nephews of Sthenelus.
It is more reasonable to think that Sthenelus did not leave Mideia to Atreus and Thyestes over their older brothers, but left the city to his blood nephew.
3) After the death of Eurystheus, Atreus inherited Mycenae. [Diod.4.58.2]
Thucydides reports that Eurystheus, the son of Sthenelus, left Mycenae in the hands of Atreus, who happened to be there when he set out to fight the sons of Heracles. [Thucy.1.9]
However, Thucydides' theory is not convincing.
Atreus was the brother of Nicippe (or Archippe), the wife of Eurystheus' father Sthenelus.
In other words, Atreus inherited Mycenae as Eurystheus' uncle-in-law.
However, if Atreus' mother was the daughter of Perseus, Atreus would have inherited Mycenae as Eurystheus's blood cousin, which would make sense.
4) Atreus' two grandsons married the daughters of Tyndareus. [Pauss.2.22.3, 6]
There seems to be no blood relationship between Atreus, son of Pelops of Mycenae, and Tyndareus, son of Oebalus of Sparta.
However, if Atreus' mother was a daughter of Perseus, Atreus would be the son of the sister of Tyndareus' mother, Gorgophone. In other words, Agamemnon and Menelaus married the daughters of their father's cousin, Tyndareus.
Perseus is said to have two daughters, Gorgophone and Autochthe. [TzeAdLyco.494]
It is assumed that Atreus' mother was Autochthe. [Apo.2.4.5, Pauss.3.1.4]
2 Family
Atreus had a son, Pleisthenes (or Plisthenes). [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
Atreus had a daughter, Kydragora. [FGrH.Nr333.F180]
3 Others
3.1 Migration to Macistus
In 1287 BC, Atreus emigrated from Pisa to Macistus in Triphylia with his brother Thyestes. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
Atreus' half-brothers also left the town at the same time, and it is assumed that an important event occurred in Pisa. As legend has it, it may have been related to the death of Chrysippus, the successor of Pelops. [Paus.6.20.7]
3.2 Migration to Midea
In 1277 BC, Atreus emigrated to Midea in Argolis with his brother Thyestes. [Apo.2.4.6]
After Electryon of Midea died and his son Licymnius and daughter Alcmena left for Thebes, Sthenelus, son of Perseus, left Midea to Atreus and Thyestes. [Apo.2.4.6]
Atreus was the brother of Sthenelus' wife Nicippe (or Archippe), but he had at least six older siblings. [Pind.Ol.1.89]
It is presumed that Sthenelus left Midea to Atreus and Thyestes because they were the sons of Sthenelus' sister, not because they were the brothers of Sthenelus' wife.
3.3 Founding of Cleonae
In 1251 BC, Atreus migrated north from Midea and founded Cleonae. [FGrH.Nr2.F3, FGrH.Nr333.F20]
The reason for Atreus' migration is believed to be the return of Licymnius, the son of Electryon, who lived in Thebes. Midea was ruled by Electryon, but after Electryon's death, Licymnius lived under Amphitryon in Thebes. [Apo.2.4.8]
3.4 Heracles' attack
In 1243 BC, Heracles attacked Cteatus and Eurytus, the sons of Actor, who lived in Hyrmina in Eleia, at Cleonae. [Apo.2.7.2, Diod.4.33.4, Paus.5.2.1]
Many Cleonaans participated in this raid. [Aelia.4.5]
Atreus led the Cleonaans and is thought to have cooperated with Heracles.
Heracles was the son of Alcmena, daughter of Atreus' sister Eurydice (or Lysidice).
3.5 Succession of Mycenae
In 1217 BC, Atreus succeeded Eurystheus and moved from Cleonae to Mycenae. [Diod.4.58.2]
This was because Eurystheus, the son of Sthenelus, who ruled Mycenae, was killed in battle with the sons of Heracles.
Atreus was the son of the sister of Sthenelus, father of Eurystheus, and Atreus inherited Mycenae as Eurystheus' cousin.
This succession of Mycenae by Atreus left a legacy of trouble with the Heracleidae.
The sons of Heracles were direct male descendants of Perseus, the founder of Mycenae, and the Heracleidae had a higher order of succession to Mycenae than the descendants of Atreus.
3.6 Death of Atreus
There is a legend that Atreus was killed by Aegisthus. [Hyginus.88, Tzetzes.1.450]
However, since Aegisthus was not killed by Agamemnon, it is believed that Atreus died of illness or natural causes.
Atreus is estimated to have been 87 years old when he died.
< Astydamia, daughter of Pelops >
1 Origin
Astydamia was born in Pisa, Eleia in 1308 BC.
Astydamia's father was Pelops, son of Tantalus. [Apo.2.4.5]
2 Family
Astydamia married Alcaeus, son of Perseus. [Apo.2.4.5]
Alcaeus and Astydamia had a daughter, Perimede (or Anaxo). [Apo.2.4.5, 6]
< Aglaus, son of Thyestes >
1 Origin
Aglaus was born in Midea, Argolis, in 1270 BC.
Aglaus' father was Thyestes, son of Pelops. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1, Tzetzes.1.440]
Aglaus' mother was Laodameia. [Euri.Scho.Or.5.1]
< Agamemnon, son of Pleisthenes >
1 Origin
Agamemnon was born in Cleonae, Argolis, in 1234 BC.
Agamemnon's father was Pleisthenes, son of Atreus. [Apo.3.2.2, Dictys.1.1, 5.16]
Agamemnon's mother was Aerope (or Eriphyle), daughter of Catreus. [Apo.3.2.2, Dictys.1.1]
2 Family
Agamemnon married Clytaemnestra, daughter of Tyndareus. [Tzetzes.1.460, Paus.2.22.3]
Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra had a son, Orestes. [Apo.E.2.15, Hyginus.124, Paus.10.16.4]
Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra had a daughter, Chrysothemis. [Apo.E.2.15, Home.Il.9.135]
Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra had a daughter, Electra (or Laodice). [Aelian.4.26, Apo.E.2.15, Paus.9.40.12, Home.Il.9.135]
Agamemnon and Clytaemnestra had a daughter, Iphigenia. [Apo.E.2.15, Herod.4.103, Hyginus.238, Paus.1.33.1, Strabo.12.2.3, Home.Il.9.135]
Agamemnon had a son, Hyperion. [Paus.1.43.3]
Agamemnon had a son, Halaesus. [Ovid.Fasti.4.76, Virg.Aene.10.411]
3 Others
3.1 Migration to Mycenae
In 1217 BC, Eurystheus was succeeded by Atreus, and Agamemnon emigrated from Cleonae to Mycenae with his father Atreus. [Diod.4.58.2]
3.2 Invasion of Peloponnesus by Heracleidae
In 1215 BC, the Heracleidae led by Hyllus, son of Heracles, invaded Peloponnesus and occupied various areas. [Apo.2.8.2]
At this time, the Heracleidae occupied Mideia and Tiryns, not Mycenae. [Pind.Ol.7.20, 75, Strabo.8.6.11]
Atreus and Agamemnon are presumed to have been besieged in Mycenae.
3.3 Battle with Heracleidae
In 1211 BC, the Heracleidae led by Hyllus, son of Heracles, again attempted to invade Peloponnesus. [Apo.2.8.2]
Atreus and Agamemnon led the Mycenaeans and Tegeans and attacked the Heracleidae at Isthmus. [Diod.4.58.2]
Hyllus was killed in battle and the Heracleidae were defeated. [Diod.4.58.4, Herod.9.26]
3.4 Marriage to Clytaemnestra
In 1209 BC, Agamemnon married Clytaemnestra, daughter of Tyndareus of Sparta. [Tzetzes.1.460, Paus.2.22.3]
Tyndareus was the son of Gorgophone, sister of the mother of Agamemnon's grandfather Atreus. [See Atreus]
3.5 Menelaus' Marriage
In 1205 BC, Agamemnon's brother Menelaus married Helen, daughter of Tyndareus. [Hyginus.98, Paus.2.22.6]
Tyndareus and his sons who succeeded him were already dead. [See Tyndareus]
Menelaus moved to Sparta and, with the power of Mycenae behind him, subjugated the Lacedaemonians.
3.6 Expansion of Territory
Agamemnon went beyond Lacedaemon and subjugated Cardamyle, Enope, Hire, Phera, Antheia, Aepeia, and Pedasus on the coast of the Gulf of Messenia. [Strabo.8.4.1]
Agamemnon also built a shrine of Athena on the Onugnathus peninsula near the promontory of Malea in southeast Laconia. [Paus.3.22.10]
It is believed that Agamemnon's rule also extended to Pavlopetri, the oldest sunken city in the world, located at the base of the Onugnathus Peninsula.
3.7 Trojan War
There is a tradition that the Achaean army, led by Agamemnon, marched from the port of Aulis in Boeotia to Troy. [Dares.14, Paus.8.28.4]
However, it seems that Agamemnon did not march to Troy because of the following reasons.
1) There was a big contradiction in the tradition.
In the tradition, Agamemnon was killed immediately after returning from Troy. [AeschyAgame.1333, Paus.2.16.6, Hyginus.117]
However, there is also a tradition that Agamemnon ruled Mycenae for 30 (or 35) years, and Troy fell in the 18th year of his reign. [JeromeChro.1197, Euseb.Chron.179]
Agamemnon would have lived for at least 12 years after the Trojan War.
2) Long-term expeditions were impossible.
After the death of Eurystheus, the Heracleidae had tried to return to Peloponnesus twice, and even after the death of Hyllus, they were looking for an opportunity to invade Peloponnesus. [Diod.4.58.4, Herod.9.26]
In fact, in the year that Agamemnon died, Cleodaeus, the son of Hyllus, led the Dorians in an attack on Mycenae and destroyed the city. [See Cleodaeus]
Under these circumstances, it was impossible for Agamemnon to lead an army from Mycenae on a long-term expedition.
3.8 Death of Agamemnon
Agamemnon reigned for 30 or 35 years. [JeromeChro.1197, Euseb.Chron.179]
Considering the age of Abia, the wet nurse of Glenus (or Gleneus), son of Heracles, who accompanied Cleodaeus, son of Hyllus, on his expedition, Agamemnon's reign is estimated to be 30 years. [Estimated from Paus.4.30.1]
If the Trojan War ended in 1186 BC, Agamemnon died in 1173 BC. Agamemnon was 61 years old at the time of death.
It is estimated that in 1173 BC, the Dorians led by Cleodaeus invaded Peloponnesus and destroyed Mycenae, but Agamemnon may have died in the battle with Cleodaeus.
The hero-shrines of Cleodaeus was in Sparta. [Paus.3.15.10]
< Andromeda, daughter of Cepheus >
1 Origin
Andromeda was born in 1359 BC near the mouth of the Aesepus River in the northwest of the Anatolia Peninsula.
Andromeda's father was Cepheus, son of Belus. [Apo.2.4.3, Herod.7.61, Plin.6.182]
Andromeda's mother was Cassiepea. [Apo.2.4.3]
2 Family
Andromeda married Perseus, son of Danae. [Apo.2.4.3, Herod.7.61]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Perses. [Apo.2.4.5, Herod.7.61, Pliny.7.201]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Sthenelus. [Euseb.177]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Electryon. [Hyginus.244]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Alcaeus. [Apo.2.4.5]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Cynurus. [Pauss.3.2.2]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Mestor. [Apo.2.4.5]
Perseus and Andromeda had a son, Helius (or Heleus). [Apo.2.4.7, Pauss.3.20.6]
Perseus and Andromeda had a daughter, Gorgophone. [Apo.2.4.5, Pauss.3.1.4]
Perseus and Andromeda had a daughter, Autochthe. [TzeAdLyco.494]
3 Others
In 1335 BC, Andromeda married Perseus, son of Danae, who was her second cousin. [Apo.2.4.3]
In 1332 BC, Andromeda left her eldest son Perses in Ethiopia as Cepheus' successor, and moved with Perseus to Peloponnesus. [Apo.2.4.5]
< Argus, son of Agenor >
1 Origin
Argus was born in Argos in 1625 BC.
Argus' father was Agenor, son of Ecbasus. [Apo.2.1.2]
Some legends say that Argus the All-seeing was the son of Arestor. [Apo.2.1.3, OvidMeta.1.624]
2 Family
Argus married Ismene, daughter of the river god Asopus. [Apo.2.1.3]
At the time of their marriage, the king of Aegialeia (later Sicyon), where the river Asopus flows, was Thurimachus, son of Aegydrus (or Aegyrus). The river god Asopus is Thurimachus, and Ismene is presumed to be Thurimachus' daughter. [Paus.2.5.7]
Argus and Ismene had a son, Iasus. [Apo.2.1.3]
3 Others
3.1 Founding of Argion
In 1600 BC, Argus founded a town on Mount Argium, where Mycenae was later built, and named it Argion. [PsPlut.NRM.18]
The descendants of Inachus lived there from about 1750 BC, and it is believed that it was called Mycene after the name of Inachus' daughter. [Paus.2.16.3-4, StephByz.M460.9]
3.2 Successors
Argus had a son named Messapus, who is presumed to have succeeded Argion. [See Messapus]
3.3 Argus Panoptes
Argus was called many-eyed or All-seeing. [Apo.2.1.2, PsPlut.NRM.18]
Argus was a visionary, a man who could see everything.
< Apis, son of Phoroneus >
1 Origin
Apis was born in Phoroneus (later Argos) in 1745 BC.
Apis' father was Phoroneus, son of Inachus. [Apo.2.1.1, Euseb.Chron.177, Hyginus.145]
2 Family
Pausanias reports that Thelxion, the fifth king of Sicyon, was Apis' son. [Paus.2.5.7]
However, Apollodoros is more plausible, reporting that Apis had no children. [Apo.2.1.1]
Pausanias refers to a list of the kings of Sicyon compiled by Castor, which does not include any parentage.
3 Others
3.1 Annexation of Aegialeia
In 1700 BC, Apis became the third king of Argos, succeeding Phoroneus.
In 1690 BC, Apis fought and defeated Telchines of Aegialeia (later Sicyon), becoming the fourth king of Sicyon. [Orosius.1.7]
Peloponnesus was named Apia after Apis. [Apo.2.1.1, Paus.2.5.7]
3.2 Death of Apis
In 1665 BC, Apis was murdered by Thelxion and Telchine. [Paus.10.6.3, TzeAdLyco.177]
Aegialeia became independent after 25 years of rule by Argos. [Euseb.Chron.173]
< Arcas, son of Themisto >
1 Origin
Arcas was born in Phoroneus (later Argos) in 1740 BC.
Arcas' mother was Themisto, daughter of Inachus. [Cleme.Reco.10.21]
2 Family
Arcas married Niobe (or Nioba), daughter of Phoroneus. [Paus.2.14.4]
Arcas and Niobe had a son, Pelasgus. [Apo.2.1.1, Antiq.1.11.2, Paus.2.14.4]
Arcas and Niobe had a son, Argus. [Euseb.Chron.177, Hyginus.124, Paus.2.16.1]
< Aegialeus, son of Inachus >
1 Origin
Aegialeus (or Aezeius) was born in 1768 BC, upstream of the Cephisus River, north of Mount Parnassus.
Aegialeus' father was Inachus. [Antiq.1.11.2]
2 Family
Aegialeus had a son, Lycaon. [Antiq.1.11]
3 Others
In 1750 BC, Aegialeus migrated from the upstream of the Cephisus River to the north of the Peloponnesus and founded Aegialeia (later Sicyon). [Paus.2.5.6]
< Arestor, husband of Mycene>
1 Origin
Arestor was born in 1770 BC, upstream of the Cephisus River, north of Mount Parnassus.
2 Family
Arestor married Mycene, daughter of Inachus. [Paus.2.16.4]
< Acraea, daughter of Asterion >
1 Origin
Acraea was born in Argos in 1642 BC.
Acraea's father was Asterion. [Paus.2.17.1]
2 Others
Acraea's name was given to the mountain directly opposite Heraeum. [Paus.2.17.2]
< Argus, son of Peirasus >
1 Origin
Argus was born in Argos in 1645 BC.
Argus' father was Peirasus, son of Argus. [Hyginus.145]
Argus' mother was Callirhoe. [Hyginus.145]
< Arestorides, son of Peirasus >
1 Origin
Arestorides was born in Argos in 1643 BC.
Arestorides' father was Peirasus, son of Argus. [Hyginus.145]
Arestorides' mother was Callirhoe. [Hyginus.145]
< Argus, son of Niobe >
1 Origin
Argus was born in Phoroneus (later Argos) in 1700 BC.
Argus' mother was Niobe, daughter of Phoroneus. [Apo.2.1.1, Hyginus.145, Paus.2.16.1]
1.1 Father of Argus
1) Themisto, daughter of Inachus, had a son, Arcas. [Cleme.Reco.10.21]
2) Argus and Pelasgus were the sons of Niobe, daughter of Phoroneus, son of Inachus. [Apo.2.1.1]
3) In the ancient genealogy written by Pausanias, there is Pelasgus, son of Arcas. [Paus.2.14.4]
Arcas' name is also found in the kings of Arcadia, but there is no record of a son named Pelasgus.
Niobe married her cousin Arcas, and Argus was presumed to be the son of Niobe.
2 Family
Argus married Peitho. [FGrH.Nr333.F66]
Argus and Peitho had a son, Criasus. [FGrH.Nr333.F66]
Argus and Peitho also had a son, presumably named Asterion. [See Asterion]
Argus married Evadne, daughter of Neaera. [Apo.2.1.2]
Argus and Evadne had a son, Peirasus (or Piras, Peiras, Peranthus, Piranthus). [Apo.2.1.2, Paus.2.16.1, Hyginus.124]
Argus and Evadne had a son, Ecbasus. [Apo.2.1.2, Hyginus.145]
Argus and Evadne had a son, Epidaurus. [Apo.2.1.2, Paus.2.26.2]
Argus and Evadne had a son, Tiryns. [Paus.2.25.8]
3 Others
Argus gave the name to Argos. [Apo.2.1.1, Hyginus.145, Paus.2.16.1]
Argus made an image of Hera from a pear tree. [Cleme.Exho.4]
< Agenor, son of Ecbasus >
1 Origin
Agenor (or Arestor) was born in Argos in 1650 BC.
Agenor's father was Ecbasus, son of Argus. [Apo.2.1.2]
2 Family
Agenor had a son, Argus. [Apo.2.1.2, Apo.2.1.3, OvidMeta.1.624]
< Asterion, son of Argus >
1 Origin
Asterion was born in Argos in 1670 BC.
1.1 Asterion's father
Asterion is presumed to be of the line of kings of Argives and the son of Argus, son of Niobe, for the following reasons:
1) Asterion's daughter Euboea married Phorbas, king of Argos. [EuriSchoOr.932.02]
If Asterion was the son of Argus, Euboea was Asterion's cousin.
2) A mountain near Heraeum was named after Asterion's daughter Euboea. [Paus.2.17.1]
2 Family
Asterion had three daughters, Euboea, Prosymna, and Acraea. [Paus.2.17.1]
< Argia, mother of Io >
1 Origin
In 1600 BC, Argia (or Leucane) was born in Argos.
2 Family
Argia married Iasus (or Inachus), son of Triopas. [Hyginus.145, Euri.Scho.Or.932.02]
Iasus and Argia had a daughter, Io. [Apo.2.1.3, Diod.5.60.4, Herod.1.1, Hyginus.145 Paus.2.16.1]
< Anthus, son of Triopas >
1 Origin
Anthus was born in Argos in 1598 BC.
Anthus' father was Triopas, son of Phorbas. [Hyginus.145]
< Agenor, son of Triopas >
1 Origin
Agenor was born in Argos in 1600 BC.
Agenor's father was Triopas, son of Phorbas. [EuriSchoOr.932.02, Hyginus.145, Diod.5.81.2]
Agenor's mother was Oreaside (or Sosis). [EuriSchoOr.932.02, Hyginus.145]
2 Family
Agenor had a son Crotopus. [Paus.2.16.1]
Agenor had a son Pelasgus. [Hyginus.124]
< Anaxitea, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Anaxitea was born in Chemmis, Egypt in 1448 BC.
Anaxitea's father was Danaus, son of Belus. [FGrH.333.41]
2 Family
Anaxitea had a son, Olenus. [FGrH.333.41]
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Anaxitea emigrated from Egypt to Argos with her father Danaus. [Paus.2.16.1]
< Archedice, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Archedice was born in Chemmis, Egypt in 1447 BC.
Archedice's father was Danaus, son of Belus. [Parian.Marble.9]
2 Others
In 1430 BC, Archedice migrated from Egypt to Argos with her father Danaus. [Paus.2.16.1]
Archedice founded a temple to Athena when he stopped in Rhodes on his way. [Parian.Marble.9]
< Agenor, son of Libya >
1 Origin
Agenor was born in Thebes, Egypt, in 1497 BC.
Agenor's mother was Libya, daughter of Epaphus. [Apo.2.1.4, Hyginus.157]
2 Family
Agenor married Telephassa (or Argiope, Tyro). [Apo.3.1.1, Hyginus.6, MalaChro.2.30, FGrH.333.21]
Agenor married Damno, daughter of Belus. [FGrH.333.21]
Agenor and Telephassa had a son, Cadmus. [Diod.5.57.5, Paus.3.15.8]
Agenor had a son, Phoenix. [Apo.3.1.1]
Agenor had a son, Cilix. [Apo.3.1.1, Herod.7.91]
Agenor is presumed to have had a son named Maceris. [Herod.2.44]
Agenor had a daughter Electra. [Paus.9.8.4]
Agenor had a daughter Europe. [FGrH.4.95, Hyginus.178]
Agenor had a daughter Melia. [FGrH.333.21]
Agenor had a daughter Isaie. [FGrH.333.21]
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Agenor emigrated from Egypt to Sidon in Phoenicia. [Diod.1.23.4, Pliny.5.76]
In 1426 BC, Agenor's son Cadmus set sail from Sidon with a colony. [Diod.4.2.1, Isocrates.Helen.68, Ovid.Meta.3.120, Pliny.5.76]
Cadmus was accompanied by Telephassa, so Agenor is presumed to have died in Sidon. [Apo.3.4.1]
< Amymone, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Amymone was born in Chemmis, Egypt in 1447 BC.
Amymone's father was Danaus, son of Belus. [Apo.2.1.5]
Amymone's mother was Europe, daughter of Agenor. [Apo.2.1.5]
2 Family
Amymone married Midanus, son of Aegyptus (or Sesostris). [Hyginus.170]
Midanus and Amymone had a son, Nauplius. [Apo.2.1.5, Apollo.1.133, Hyginus.169, Paus.4.35.2]
3 Others
In 1430 BC, Amymone emigrated from Egypt to Argos with her father Danaus. [Paus.2.16.1]
< Automate, daughter of Danaus >
1 Origin
Automate was born in Argos in 1427 BC.
Automate's father was Danaus, son of Belus. [Apo.2.1.4, Hyginus.169]
2 Family
Automate married Architeles, son of Achaeus. [Paus.7.1.6]
< Amphictyon, son of Deucalion >
1 Origin
Amphictyon was born in Pyrrha (later Melitaea) in Thessaly in 1530 BC.
Amphictyon's father was Deucalion. [Apo.1.7.2, Diod.4.60.2, Euseb.Chron.183, Strabo.9.5.6, Thucy.1.3]
2 Family
Amphictyon married the daughter of Cranaus, the second king of Athens. [Paus.1.2.6, Euseb.Chron.183]
Amphictyon had a son, Tithonus. [TzeAdLyco.1206]
3 Others
In 1503 BC, Amphictyon moved to Athens and married the daughter of Cranaus. [Paus.1.2.6, Euseb.Chron.183]
In 1502 BC, Amphictyon became the third king of Athens after expelling Cranaus. Cranaus fled to Lamptrae, between Athens and Sunium, where he died. [Apo.3.14.6, Euseb.183, aus.1.31.3]
In 1492 BC, Amphictyon was expelled from Athens by Erichthonius, son of Atthis, daughter of Cranaus. [Diod.1.29.1, Paus.1.2.6]
Amphictyon's whereabouts after leaving Athens are unknown.
Lycus, who wrote the history of Thebes, reports that Thebe, daughter of Iodama, daughter of Tithonus, son of Amphictyon, married Aegyptus. [TzeAdLyco.1206]
If this Amphictyon is the same as the third king of Athens, Amphictyon, then Tithonus' mother is presumed to have been the daughter of Cranaus.
Aegyptus was the son of Belus, the son of Libya, the daughter of Epaphus, the son of Io.
Thebe was the daughter of Iodama, the daughter of Tithonus, the son of the daughter of Cranaus, the son of Io.
In other words, it is presumed that Amphictyon himself, or his son Tithonus, emigrated to Egypt. Amphictyon's wife, the daughter of Cranaus, was born in Egypt.
< Argyphia, wife of Aegyptus >
1 Origin
Argyphia was born in the Nile Delta in Egypt in 1468 BC.
2 Family
Argyphia married Aegyptus. [Apo.2.1.5]
Aegyptus and Argyphia had a son, Lynceus. [Apo.2.1.5]
< Abas, son of Lynceus >
1 Origin
Abas (or Triopas) was born in Argos in 1425 BC.
Abas' father was Lynceus, son of Aegyptus. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.2, MalaChro.4.68]
Abas' mother was Hypermnestra, daughter of Danaus. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.10.35.1]
2 Family
Abas married Aglaia, daughter of Mantineus. [Apo.2.2.1]
Abas and Aglaia had twin sons, Acrisius and Proetus. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.2]
Abas had a son, Lyrcus. [Paus.2.25.5]
Abas also had a son, presumably named Deucalion. [See Deucalion]
3 Others
In 1413 BC, Lynceus died and Abas inherited Argos. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.2]
In 1408 BC, Lamedon, son of Gelanor who had been banished by Danaus, invaded Argos from Sicyon and occupied it. [MalaChro.4.68]
Abas moved to Phocis and founded Abae. [Paus.10.35.1]
In 1407 BC, Archander and Architeles, sons of Achaeus, banished Lamedon from Argos. [Paus.2.6.5]
Abas returned from Abae to Argos, and Archander became his guardian.
Archander was the husband of Scaea, sister of Abas' mother Hypermnestra, and was Abas' uncle-in-law. [Paus.7.1.6]
< Abas, son of Lynceus >
1 Origin
Abas was born in Abae, Phocis, in 1335 BC.
Abas' father was Lynceus. [Hyginus.244]
2 Family
Abas had a son, Canethus. [Apollo.1.77]
Abas had a son, Chalcodon. [FGrH.4.143]
3 Others
Abas killed Megapenthes, son of Proetus, who lived in Argos. [Hyginus.244]
In 1310 BC, Abas emigrated from Abae to Chalcis in Euboea. [Hyginus.244, Strabo.10.1.3]
The people led by Abas' descendants came to be called Abantes. [Strabo.10.1.3]
< Argeus, son of Megapenthes >
1 Origin
Argeus was born in Argos in 1335 BC.
Argeus' father was Megapenthes, son of Proetus. [Paus.2.18.4]
2 Family
Argeus had a son Anaxagoras. [Paus.2.18.4]
< Anaxagoras, son of Argeus >
1 Origin
Anaxagoras was born in Argos in 1310 BC.
Anaxagoras' father was Argeus, son of Megapenthes. [Paus.2.18.4]
2 Family
Anaxagoras had a son Alector. [Paus.2.18.5]
3 Others
When Anaxagoras inherited Argos, Mycenae was ruled by Sthenelus, the son of Perseus. Sthenelus married Pelops' daughter Nicippe (or Archippe), and his three brothers also married Pelops' daughters, and Mycenae was gaining power. [Apo.2.4.5, Diod.4.9.1, Plut.These.8]
In 1290 BC, Anaxagoras ceded part of Argos to his aunt Iphianeira's husband Melampus and his brother Bias. [Apo.2.2.2, Diod.4.68.4, Paus.2.18.4, Herod.9.34]
Anaxagoras tried to make Melampus and Bias co-residents and oppose Mycenae.
< Amphianax, son of Antimachus >
1 Origin
Amphianax was born in Argos in 1420 BC.
Amphianax's father was Antimachus, son of Aegyptus. [Hyginus.170]
Amphianax's mother was Isaie, daughter of Agenor. [FGrH.333.21]
2 Family
Amphianax had a son, Oetylus. [FGrH.333.168]
Amphianax had a daughter, Steneboea. [Apo.2.2.1]
Amphianax had a daughter, Antaia. [FGrH.333.170]
3 Others
3.1 Emigration to Arcadia
In 1408 BC, Amphianax emigrated to near Mantineia in Arcadia. [Estimated from Strabo.8.3.2 and Paus.8.12.7]
Danaus' son-in-law Lynceus died and was succeeded by Lynceus' son Abas. In Abas' fifth year of reign, Argos was occupied by the Sicyonians. [MalaChro.4.68]
Abas fled to Phocis, and Amphianax fled to Arcadia. [Paus.10.35.1]
Abas was Amphianax's cousin.
3.2 Relationship with Mantineus
The town to which Amphianax moved was later called Ptolis, near Mantineia, founded by Mantineus, son of Lycaon. [Strabo.8.3.2]
Amphianax and Mantineus were Pelasgians from Argos.
Amphianax's wife was presumably the daughter of Mantineus.
Later, Abas, cousin of Amphianax, married Aglaia, daughter of Mantineus. [Apo.2.2.1]
< Acrisius, son of Abas >
1 Origin
Acrisius was born in Argos in 1400 BC.
Acrisius's father was Abas, son of Lynceus. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.16.2]
Acrisius's mother was Aglaia, daughter of Mantineus. [Apo.2.2.1]
2 Family
Acrisius married Aganippe. [Hyginus.63]
Acrisius and Aganippe had a daughter, Danae. [Herod.6.54, Hyginus.63]
Acrisius married Eurydice, daughter of Lacedaemon. [Apo.3.10.3, Paus.3.13.8]
Acrisius and Eurydice had a daughter, Evarete. [Hyginus.84]
Acrisius had a son, Apesantus. [PsPlut.NRM.18]
Acrisius is also thought to have had a son named Philammon. [Paus.9.36.2]
3 Others
3.1 Emigration to Egypt
In 1387 BC, Acrisius was banished from Argos by his twin brother Proetus. [Euseb.Chron.179]
Acrisius fled to Archander, the guardian of his father Abas, who emigrated from Argos to Egypt in 1402 BC. [Herod.2.98, Paus.7.1.6]
3.2 Aganippe, wife of Acrisius
Acrisius married Aganippe in Egypt. [Hyginus.63]
Aganippe is presumed to be the daughter of Archander and Scaea, daughter of Danaus. [Herod.6.54]
3.3 Return to Argos
In 1370 BC, Acrisius returned to Argos 17 years after being driven out and recaptured the city from Proetus. [Euseb.Chron.157]
3.4 Battle with Proetus
In 1368 BC, Proetus occupied Tiryns and fought Acrisius. [Apo.2.2.1, Paus.2.25.7-8]
The battle was inconclusive, and a settlement was reached in which Acrisius was given the dominion of Argos, and Proetus the dominion of Tiryns, Heraeum, Mideia, and the coastal areas of Argolis. [Paus.2.16.2, Pindaros.418]
3.5 Successor of Acrisius
Acrisius had sons, Philammon and Apesantus, who died in accident and battle. [Paus.9.36.2, PsPlut.NRM.18]
In 1349 BC, Acrisius summoned Perseus, son of Danae, to Argos to succeed him from his daughter Danae, whom he had left behind in Egypt.
3.6 Death of Acrisius
Acrisius died in 1339 BC at the age of 61 and was buried in Larissa.
Pausanias and Apollodoros mention Larissa as a town in Thessaly. However, Larissa was the name given to the Acropolis of Argos. [Apo.2.4.4, Paus.2.16.2, FGrH.Nr4.F91, Paus.2.24.1]
Acrisius' tomb was in the temple of Athena on the Acropolis of Argos. [Cleme.Exho.3, Euseb.Pra.2.6]
< Arisbas, son of Megapenthes >
1 Origin
Arisbas was born in Argos in 1330 BC.
Arisbas' father is presumed to be Megapenthes, son of Proetus. [See Hyettus]
2 Family
Arisbas had a son, Molurus. [Paus.9.36.7]
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